THE ENVIRONMENT'S PROBLEMS

THE ENVIRONMENT'S PROBLEMS

GREEN EARTH

Environment is almost important for the world and it is very important for peoples and animals too. Green earth is very good to keep long life, But now it is destroying by air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. Many countries have discussed about it and have a lot of conferences to find the solution.

AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution is the poison's smoke that comes from FACTORY, CAR, BUSES, TRAINS....and it not provide a good result for peoples, animal and the earth. Peoples and animals breath with the poison smoke that have in the atmosphere so as a result many peoples get ill and many animals going to die it is very very bad result. the earth would have a lot of poison smoke and we would have less fresh air in the atmosphere. Air pollution it also contact to GLOBAL WARMING.

GLOBAL WARMING

The global warming is very bad news for the world. It's come from all of pollutions in the world specially air pollution. The smoke that come from air pollution it's go up to to the sky and go to the atmosphere.When it's go to atmosphere it can destroy the ozone layer that live in the atmosphere and when it destroy ozone layer many many sunlight enter the earth so it's a bad news.Do you what would happen when we had a little ozone layer?.Nowadays in the world have a lot of smokes that come from air pollution so it can make a global warming.Many many countries are worrying about it so much.They think that it will be happened in the earth.You must to think what would happen if the world had global warming???????????.It will have very very bad news.
_ What would happen if the world had global warming?????????

Global warming could destroy our earth if we can not protect. It make more and more hot in the earth and destroy the ozone layer. So what would happen next?when the earth have global warming we will get hot and hot and peoples and animals would die. The ice in the pole will get melt and some country that near the sea would disappear. Do you want this situation happen or not? where it come from?. I know we need the world and we are the world. We must protect our world by reduce air pollution and carbon dioxide(CO2). What is CO2 ? where does it come from? how it destroy our environment? hoe to reduce it ?

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

We all produce carbon dioxide emissions, through the way we live - heating, lighting and travel including going on holiday.

Trees are nature’s way of absorbing those emissions as part of the carbon cycle. Each tree over its life time absorbs almost 1 tonne of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

Tree Planting & Carbon Dioxide

The process of carbon dioxide being sequestrated by trees is complicated. Trees not only absorb carbon dioxide but also release it. CO₂ is incorporated into trees during the process of photosynthesis

but is also lost through photo respiration and through the decomposition of leaves, branches and roots. Fortunately trees absorb more CO₂ than they emit, hence their suitability for the purpose of carbon balancing.

We are then faced with the task of assessing how much CO₂ each tree is capable of absorbing to enable a suitable carbon calculator to determine the number of trees that need to be planted to balance the production of a given tonnage of CO₂. The amount of CO₂ absorbed by a tree over a given period of time is dependant on a number of variables including: -

• Species
• Atmospheric Temperature
• Water and Nutrient Levels
• Light
• Atmospheric CO₂
• Leaves
• Woodland Management

co2balance have taken the above factors and, using published sources of data and local environmental factors, calculated the number of trees that need to be planted at their sites in order to balance your CO₂ emissions. These factors are built into their carbon calculator.

OZONE LAYERS

The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth. Over 90% of ozone in earth's atmosphere is present here "Relatively high" means a few parts per million—much higher than the concentrations in the lower atmosphere but still small compared to the main components of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from approximately 15 km to 35 km above Earth's surface, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically.

HISTORY OF THE OZONE LAYER

Ozone layer forms

Christian Schöenbein identifies ozone in the laboratory

Auguste de la Rive and Jean-Charles de Marignac suggest ozone is a form of oxygen; confirmed by Thomas Andrews in 1856

Andrei Houzeau finds ozone present in natural air

Jean-Louis Soret proves that ozone is O3

Marie Alfred Cornu measures solar spectrum and finds sharp cutoff in ultraviolet (UV) light

Walter Hartley recognizes cutoff corresponds to UV absorption by ozone

John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) shows absorption is not in lower atmosphere

Charles Fabry makes first spectrometric measurements of "thickness" of ozone layer

G.M.B. Dobson develops ozone spectrophotometer and begins regular measurements of ozone abundance (Arosa, Switzerland)

Jean Cabannes and Jean Dufay show ozone is about 10 miles high

Thomas Midgley synthesizes chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)

Umkehr method for Dobson instrument establishes that ozone maximum is below 15 miles altitude

Sydney Chapman describes theory that explains existence of an ozone "layer"

Ozonesonde (balloon) measurements establish the ozone concentration is maximum around 12 miles up

GM develops applications for CFC's

David Bates and Marcel Nicolet propose catalytic (HOx) ozone destruction

Global network of Dobson spectrophotometers established during the International Geophysical Year (IGY)

CFC market expands rapidly

Catalytic destruction is necessary in order to explain ozone amounts

Boeing proposes supersonic transport (SST) fleet of 800 aircraft

Paul Crutzen discovers NOx catalytic cycle

Dept of Transportation sponsors intensive program of research, The Climatic Impact Assessment Program (CIAP)

Congress axes funding for the SST

Johnston calculates that NOx from SST's could deplete ozone layer

Rick Stolarski and Ralph Cicerone suggest catalytic capability of Cl

James Lovelock detects CFC's in atmosphere

Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina warn of ozone depletion due to CFC's

First international meeting (Washington DC) to address issue of ozone depletion held by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)

US bans non-essential use of CFC's as aerosol propellant

Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) is launched aboard NIMBUS-7 spacecraft giving global coverage of ozone layer thickness

Renewed expansion of CFC market

Shigeru Chubachi measures low ozone over Syowa, Antarctica (reported at Ozone Commission meeting in Halkidiki, Greece in Sept 1984)

British Antarctic Survey scientists discover recurring springtime Antarctic ozone hole (published in Nature May 1985)

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (Amendments - London 1990; Copenhagen 1992)

DuPont agrees to CFC production phase-out

Ten years of satellite data begin to show measurable ozone depletion globally

DuPont announces phase-out of CFC production by end of 1996

Abnormally low ozone observed globally

Crutzen, Rowland, and Molina win Nobel Prize in Chemistry

springtime Arctic ozone dent appearing

CFC production ends in US and Europe

Maximum CFC concentrations in stratosphere are reached

The Ozone Layer - Global Map

WATER POLLUTION In recent years, with many world was the environment in recent years. In the last A few years environmental issues have gained much attention and was content at the forefront of media coverage. One of the hot topics of environmental concerns Many of the discussions is the Water Pollution What is water pollution? Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of water resources and resources through hazardous waste such as sewage, asbestos, nitrates and phosphorus. Undoubtedly, too Damage caused to the water supply of these pollutants. These pollutants have are polluting drinking water and killing fish and marine animals. Fresh Water 97.4 % of the world's water is ocean water. 2 % is accounted for by ice caps and glaciers, and about 0.6 % is ground water, which constitutes the entire fresh water reserves on earth. Lake water represents only 7 millionths of the world's water; clouds only 1 millionth, and river water 10% of a millionth. LAND POLLUTION Land pollution is the kind of pollution that can destroy the Earth . Land Pollution Land pollution the action of environmental contamination with man-made waste on land. Americans generate five pounds of solid waste every day, furthermore creating one ton of solid waste each year. (Kaufman and Franz) In an average day in the United States, people throw out 200,000 tons of edible food and throw 1 million bushels of litter out of their automobiles. (Kaufman and Franz) The main human contributor to pollution are landfills. Approximately half of our trash is disposed in landfills. (Dubay et al) Only 2% of our waste is actually recycled. WE ARE THE WORLD. CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change endangers our life Bear Springs Blossom Nature Conservation + Protection Bear Springs Blossom Nature Education + Lectures Climate change is real The science of climate change is sound and all citizens on Earth must act. Get involved! Blue is cool red is hot Map by NASA shows temperatures changing Climate change is endangering our life Climate change will kill many plants Climate change will destroy rain forests Many animals are endangered Climate change is caused by burning too much fossil fuels in a very short time Climate change is causing a change in wildlife and reduces the habitat of the Condor The outcome of Climate change is: Humans will pay higher prices for food Not all humans can afford that. Our children will live in an environment that much more violent with less drinking water More storms More foods More earth quakes Rising sea levels More illegal immigrants More starving humans Billions will have to leave their homes because oceans will cover part of their home lands. HOW TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENT ? Our planet is in trouble! Almost every day we seem to hear of yet another problem affecting the environment - and what a list of problems! - pollution, acid rain, climate change, the destruction of rainforests and other wild habitats, the decline and extinction of thousands of species of animals and plants....and soon. Nowadays, most of us know that these threats exist and that humans have caused them. Many of us are very worried about the future of our planet and unless we can find a way of solving the problems we have made then the environment will suffer even more. It all sounds so depressing - but we certainly mustn't despair! Every one of us, whatever age we are can do something to help slow down and reverse some of the damage. We cannot leave the problem-solving entirely to the experts - we all have a responsibility for our environment. We must learn to live in a sustainable way i.e. learn to use our natural resources which include air, freshwater, forests, wildlife, farmland and seas without damaging them. As populations expand and lifestyles change, we must keep the world in a good condition so that future generations will have the same natural resources that we have. WRITTEN BY: KHUON PANHAVUTH